Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT) is an effective treatment for port wine stains (PWS). However, repeated treatment is usually needed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes, possibly due to the limited treatment light penetration depth in the PWS lesion. The optical clearing technique can increase light penetration in depth by reducing light scattering. This study aimed to investigate the V-PDT in combination with an optical clearing agent (OCA) for the therapeutic enhancement of V-PDT in the rodent skinfold window chamber model. Vascular responses were closely monitored with laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), optical coherence tomography angiography, and stereo microscope before, during, and after the treatment. We further quantitatively demonstrated the effects of V-PDT in combination with OCA on the blood flow and blood vessel size of skin microvasculature. The combination of OCA and V-PDT resulted in significant vascular damage, including vasoconstriction and the reduction of blood flow. Our results indicate the promising potential of OCA for enhancing V-PDT for treating vascular-related diseases, including PWS.

Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have contributed to a variety of biological research fields by filling the gap between monolayers and animal models. The modern optical sectioning microscopic methods make it possible to probe the complexity of 3D cell cultures but are limited by the inherent opaqueness. While tissue optical clearing methods have emerged as powerful tools for investigating whole-mount tissues in 3D, they often have limitations, such as being too harsh for fragile 3D cell cultures, requiring complex handling protocols, or inducing tissue deformation with shrinkage or expansion. To address this issue, we proposed a modified optical clearing method for 3D cell cultures, called MACS-W, which is simple, highly efficient, and morphology-preserving. In our evaluation of MACS-W, we found that it exhibits excellent clearing capability in just 10min, with minimal deformation, and helps drug evaluation on tumor spheroids. In summary, MACS-W is a fast, minimally-deformative and fluorescence compatible clearing method that has the potential to be widely used in the studies of 3D cell cultures.

白光显微干涉术是微结构三维形貌无损测量的有效手段，但当沟槽深度小于光源相干长度时易产生蝙蝠翼效应。ISO-25178系列规定了由三维形貌计算沟槽深度和线宽两项特征参数的方法。该计算法则首先需要确定阶跃边缘位置，然而蝙蝠翼位于阶跃边缘，造成形貌中的阶跃边缘位置定位困难。本文针对上述问题，摒弃了从三维形貌中提取阶跃边缘位置的传统方法，依据干涉图像中矩形光栅上下表面边缘位置采样点相干峰分布的差异性，提取相干包络峰值位置，并计算得到用于区分阶跃上下表面的掩膜。本文提出的方法从垂直扫描干涉图像出发，同步实现三维形貌复原和阶跃边缘位置定位，继而准确、高效地计算沟槽深度和线宽。本文以两种不同特征参数的矩形光栅作为检测对象，比对了测量结果与标称值之间的偏差，并对测量过程中的误差项进行了分析。实验结果证明，本文方法具有良好的重复性和鲁棒性。

提出了一种基于双环光电振荡器（OEO）的频分复用光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感系统。在该传感系统中，从两个级联的FBG反射的光信号经马赫-曾德尔调制器调制后进入光路的双环结构，两路光信号经耦合后再通过波分复用分成两路，由光电探测器还原为电信号。该电信号分别通过两个不同中心频率的电带通滤波器后形成稳定的微波振荡，输出两路微波信号，分别对应两个FBG传感器。最后，通过对两路微波信号的频率漂移进行测量，最终实现传感解调。实验中对两个FBG分别施加应变和温度，结果表明：传感系统的应变灵敏度为0.100 kHz/μ?，最大频率偏移0.035 kHz，对应0.35 μ?的测量误差；温度灵敏度为1.135 kHz/℃，最大频率偏移0.072 kHz，对应0.06 ℃的测量误差。该系统借助双环OEO的结构，具有稳定性高、测量误差小的优点。

针对现有散射光线追迹概率模型方案受限于解析解难以获取的问题，提出利用拒绝采样法设计基于双向反射分布函数（BRDF）的散射光线追迹概率模型，通过设置检验条件规避了积分求解过程，进而筛选出有效角度坐标，实现散射光线追迹，该方案具有适用范围广的优势。对于具有平移不变性的BRDF模型，进一步提出对称采样方案，通过将采样区域减半后再镜像提升速率。设置表面属性、入射角与追迹光线数量等仿真条件相同，编制了本文方案的仿真程序，对不同光机结构材料进行建模仿真后从重复性和精确度方面与LightTools软件运算结果作对比验证，基于拒绝采样法编制程序的仿真结果可以与软件模型结果相媲美。最后对软件中未包含的BRDF模型进行建模仿真以进一步验证上述方案的普适性。